Definitions

• the present invention
  relates to a coil of a stator winding of an electric machine
  
• the present invention
  relates further to an electric machine, wherein the electric machine has a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator has stator slots into which a stator winding is introduced, wherein the stator winding has coils, wherein at least one of the coils is embodied as a coil, as described above.
  
• the present invention
  relates further to an electric drive, wherein the drive has an electric machine of this type, a converter and a control facility for the converter, wherein the electric machine can be connected by the control facility by way of the converter to a supply voltage which is greater than 350 V, in particular greater than 1.0 kV, for instance up to 4.5 kV.
  
• the present invention
  relates further to a rail vehicle, wherein as a traction drive the rail vehicle has an electric drive of this type.
  
• one or more layers of mica tape
  are applied to the coils of the stator winding for main wall insulation. This takes place, inter alia, in order to increase the moisture resistance and the heat class of the coil.
  
• this structure
  is additionally protected against mechanical influences by a layer of fabric cover tape.
  
• the fabric cover tape
  has exclusively a mechanical protective function.
  
• the moisture resistance and the heat class of the main wall insulation
  are by contrast determined decisively by the number of layers of mica tape.
  
• coils designed as form-wound coils
  it is known to initially manufacture a flat coil, which, on account of its form, is typically referred to as race track loop (two long straight lines which are connected to one another by way of two sections which are curved in the manner of a semicircle). This coil is then shaped into the form-wound coil by means of a molding process. With form-wound coils of this type, it is further known to attach the layers of mica tape to the coil after forming the (three-dimensional) form-wound coils. This procedure generally takes place manually. The manual attachment of the mica tape is time-consuming and prone to error.
  
• the object of the present invention
  consists in making available possibilities, by means of which form-wound coils, electric machines and drives can be produced in a simple and cost-effective manner and are particularly suited to use in traction drives.
  
• a coil of the type cited in the introduction
  is configured such that the mica tape has a bending stiffness of below 50 N/m according to DIN EN 60371-2 (version 2005) and between the top side and the bottom side thereof a static friction coefficient of less than 0.7 according to DIN EN ISO 8295 (version 2004).
  
• the mica tape
  has the afore-cited properties. It may be advantageous, however, to realize these properties also with the cover tape. It may therefore be advantageous for the cover tape to have a static friction coefficient of below 0.7 according to DIN EN ISO 8295 (version 2004) between the top side and the bottom side thereof and/or for the cover tape and the mica tape to be matched to one another so that with respect to the mica tape the cover tape has a static friction coefficient of below 0.7 according to DIN EN ISO 8295 (version 2004).
  
• the mica tape and the number of layers of the mica tape
  are preferably matched to one another so that the coil has a heat class of 200° C. or better according to IEC 60034-18-31 (version 2017). This represents an improvement compared with the prior art, in which a heat class of 180° C. can typically be reached. A heat class of 220°, in some instances even a heat class of 250° can be easily implemented.
  
• the cover tape
  has per se two layers, wherein in each case one of these two layers is a fabric and the other a film, the fabric consists of a glass fiber or of a first high-performance polymer and the film consists of a second high-performance polymer.
  
• the cover tape
  it is possible for the cover tape not only to bring about a mechanical protective function, but, albeit only in a relatively small periphery, an electric protective function and a high heat class can still be realized.
  
• the second high-performance polymer
  can in particular be a polyimide.
  
• the fabric
  generally faces away from the layers of the mica tape
  
• the film
  faces the layers of the mica tape.
  
• an electric drive
  as claimed.
  
• the electric machine of the electric drive
  is embodied according to the invention.
  
• the object
  is also achieved by a rail vehicle as claimed.
  
• the rail vehicle
  has, as a traction drive, an inventive electric drive.
  
• FIG. 1
  a rail vehicle
  
• FIG. 2
  an electric drive
  
• FIG. 3
  an electric machine
  
• FIG. 5
  a cross-section through a coil
  
• FIG. 6
  a series of layers of tapes
  
• FIG. 7
  a top view of a top side of a cover tape
  
• FIG. 8
  a top view of a bottom side of a cover tape
  
• FIG. 9
  a flow chart
  
• FIG. 10
  a flat coil.
  
• a rail vehicle 1
  for instance an electric locomotive
  
• the traction drive 2
  is supplied with electrical energy by way of a contact wire 3 .
  
• Another type of supply
  is also conceivable, however, by way of a diesel drive, which drives an electric generator, for instance.
  
• the traction drive 2
  is an example of an electric drive. In conjunction with the traction drive 2 , the present invention is explained in more detail below. The electric drive could also be used for other purposes, however. In general the term “drive” and furthermore the reference character 2 are therefore only used below in general.
  
• the electric drive 2
  has an electric machine 4 , a converter 5 and a control facility 6 for the converter 5 .
  
• a rectifier 7
  is further arranged upstream of the converter 5 . This is not absolutely necessary, however.
  
• the electric machine 4
  can be connected via the converter 5 to a supply voltage U by means of the control facility 6 . If the rectifier 7 is available and controllable, control of the rectifier 7 generally takes place likewise by means of the control facility 6 .
  
• the supply voltage U
  in other words that voltage which is applied to the motor terminals of the electric machine 4 , is generally greater than 350 V, in particular in most cases greater than 1 kV. It can even be greater than 1.0 kV, for instance between 2 kV and 3 kV. In some instances it may amount to up to 4.5 kV.
  
• the electric machine
  has a stator 8 and a rotor 9 .
  
• the rotor 9
  is arranged in a torsion-resistant manner on a rotor shaft 10 , which for its part can be rotated about an axis of rotation.
  
• the stator 8
  has stator slots 11 .
  
• a stator winding 12
  (see FIG. 3 ) is introduced into the stator slots 11 .
  
• the stator winding 12
  has coils 13 (see FIG. 4 ), wherein in FIG. 4 for the sake of clarity only one of the coils 13 is shown.
  
• the embodiment of the coil 13
  is the actual subject matter of the present invention.
  
• the coil 13
  consists of a number of windings 14 .
  
• the windings 14
  typically consist of copper, and often copper strip. In any case, the windings 14 are provided with an electric insulation, not shown separately, for instance a protective paint.
  
• the number of windings 14
  can be dependent on requirements.
  
• the number of four windings 14 shown in FIG. 5
  is purely exemplary.
  
• the windings 14
  are wound, namely not individually but instead together, with a number of layers of a mica tape 15 .
  
• the number of layers of the mica tape 15
  can be 1. Often it is greater than 1.
  
• the number of two layers shown in FIG. 5
  is purely exemplary, however.
  
• a number of layers of a cover tape 16
  is wound onto the layers of mica tape 15 , precisely onto the outermost layer of the mica tape 15 .
  
• the number of layers of the cover tape 16
  can be greater than 1. Generally only one layer of mica tape 16 is wound, however.
  
• the cover tape 16
  is generally the outermost layer of the finished coil 13 . After winding the coil 13 with the cover tape 16 , the finished coil 13 is therefore inserted into the stator 9 or more precisely into two of the stator slots 11 .
  
• the mica tape 15
  should have the highest possible flexibility and as low a static friction coefficient between the top side and the bottom side as possible.
  
• the bending stiffness
  should lie below 50 N/m according to DIN EN 60371-2 (version 2005).
  
• the static friction coefficient
  (defined in the same standard) should lie below 0.7.
  
• suitable mica tapes
  are RikaFibrel E364N and RikaFibrel E464N of the Nippon Rika Group.
  
• the mica tape 15
  it is possible for the mica tape 15 to have the afore-cited material properties permanently.
  
• the material properties of the mica tape 15
  must however be provided at least at the time of manufacturing the coil 13 .
  
• the static friction coefficient
  can in particular also be effected by a layer of grease or oil between the layers of the mica tape 15 .
  
• a layer of grease or oil of this type
  is however also still present even after manufacturing the coil 13 , but only volatilizes after a longer period of time so that when a layer of grease or oil is applied the corresponding static friction coefficient can be considered to be a material property of the mica tape 15 .
  
• the above embodiments relating to the mica tape 15
  preferably also apply to the cover tape 16 .
  
• the cover tape 16 between the top side and bottom side thereof
  preferably also has a static friction coefficient of below 0.7 according to DIN EN ISO 8295 (version 2004).
  
• the cover tape 16 and the mica tape 15
  are preferably matched to one another so that the cover tape 16 has a static friction coefficient of this type with respect to the mica tape 15 .
  
• the above statements relating to the application of layers of grease or oil
  are also applicable here.
  
• the cover tape 16
  is preferably embodied as a laminate which has a sequence of two layers 17 , 18 .
  
• One of these two layers 17 , 18
  is a fabric 17 and one is a film 18 in each case.
  
• the cover tape 16
  does not contain further component parts.
  
• the film 18
  therefore adjoins the fabric 17 directly.
  
• the fabric 17
  generally faces away from the layers of the mica tape 15 and corresponding hereto the film 18 faces the layers of the mica tape 15 .
  
• the reverse sequence of fabric 17 and film 18
  is in principle also possible, however.
  
• the fabric 17
  preferably consists of a glass fiber. Alternatively, it can consist of a first high-performance polymer.
  
• the first high-performance polymer
  can be a polyimide, but is preferably an aramid, in particular a meta (m) aramid or a para (p) aramid.
  
• the film 18
  consists of a second high-performance polymer.
  
• the second high-performance polymer
  can be an aramid, in particular a meta (m) aramid or a para (p) aramid.
  
• the second high-performance polymer
  is preferably a polyimide, however.
  
• One example of a suitable cover tape 16
  is Voltaflex GK2979 of Isovolta AG.
  
• the coil 13
  is embodied as a three-dimensional form-wound coil.
  
• the coil 13
  is firstly wound as a flat coil in a step S 1 .
  
• step S 1
  the designation “2D”.
  
• the flat coil
  is shown purely by way of example in FIG. 10 .
  
• the layers of mica tape 15 and cover tape 16
  are applied to the flat coil, in other words before deforming into the form-wound coil.
  
• step S 2
  the designation “15, 16”.
  
• the already wound flat coil
  is only shaped to form the three-dimensional form-wound coil in a step S 3 . This is indicated in step S 3 by the designation “3D”.
  
• step S 3
  the layers of mica tape 15 are displaced with respect to one another and/or the layers of the cover tape 16 against one another.
  
• the innermost layer of the cover tape 16 which adjoins the outermost layer of the mica tape 15
  are displaced relative to one another.
  
• the displacements
  are a constructive feature of the coils 13 which results due to the manufacturing process.
  
• each further layer of mica tape 15
  increases the heat class.
  
• the mica tape 15 and the number of layers of the mica tape 15
  are preferably matched to one another so that the coil 13 has a heat class of 200° C. or better (according to the cited standard).
  
• the present invention
  relates to the following facts:
  
• a coil 13 of a stator winding 12 of an electric machine 4
  consists of a number of windings 14 which are wound together with a number of layers of a mica tape 15 , onto which a number of layers of a cover tape 16 are in turn wound.
  
• the coil 13
  is embodied as a three-dimensional form-wound coil.
  
• the mica tape 15
  has a bending stiffness of below 50 N/m according to DIN EN 60371-2 (version 2005) and between the top side and the bottom side thereof a static friction coefficient of less than 0.7 according to IEC EN ISO 8295 (version 2004).
  
• the present invention
  has many advantages.
  
• electric machines 4
  can first be used with form-wound coils 13 , which are wound with mica tape 15 and cover tape 16 before the three-dimensional molding process.
  
• the moisture resistance and the temperature index
  are improved significantly.
  
• a heat class of 200° C. or better
  can be reached.
  
• the mechanical protection
  is also improved.
  

Images (5)

Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
    
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    
  • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    
  • H02K3/30—Windings characterised by the insulating material
    
    
    
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    
  • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    
    
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    
  • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 – B32B27/42
    
  • B32B27/281—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 – B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
    
    
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    
  • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    
    
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    
  • B61—RAILWAYS
    
  • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    
  • B61C3/00—Electric locomotives or railcars
    
    
• • H—ELECTRICITY
    
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    
  • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    
  • H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    
  • H02K3/34—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    
    
• • H—ELECTRICITY
    
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    
  • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    
  • H02K3/44—Protection against moisture or chemical attack; Windings specially adapted for operation in liquid or gas
    
    
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    
  • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    
  • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    
  • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
    
    
    
• • H—ELECTRICITY
    
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    
  • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 – H02K2211/00
    
  • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    
    
    

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science
  (AREA)
• Power Engineering
  (AREA)
• Transportation
  (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering
  (AREA)
• Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings
  (AREA)
• Insulating Bodies
  (AREA)

Abstract

Description

Claims (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=59384057

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (8)

• 2017
  • 2017-07-21
    ES
    ES17182597T
    patent/ES2902402T3/en
    active
    Active

  • 2017-07-21
    EP
    EP17182597.9A
    patent/EP3432450B1/en
    active
    Active

• 2018
  • 2018-06-26
    CN
    CN201880048294.1A
    patent/CN110945756B/en
    active
    Active

  • 2018-06-26
    WO
    PCT/EP2018/067043
    patent/WO2019015922A1/en
    active
    Application Filing

  • 2018-06-26
    US
    US16/632,575
    patent/US11496011B2/en
    active
    Active
    

Patent Citations (8)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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